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At some site this year, after NASA's rover Curiosity has landed on Mars, a laser will fire a trestle of infrared light at a rock or soil sample. This will "ablate" or vaporize a microgram-sized breeze scolding of the target, generating a plume of ionized gas or plasma, which will be analyzed by spectrometers to put one's finger on the target's constituent elements. Future Mars rovers, however, will be expert to do even more. Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), in collaboration with Applied Spectra, Inc., have developed an advanced variation of this laser technology that can also analyze a target's constituent isotopes. This expanded power will enable future rovers for the first time to precisely date the geological age of Martian samples.

Rick Russo, a scientist with Berkeley Lab's Environmental Dash Technologies Division and a pioneer in laser ablation spectroscopy, led the happening of LAMIS – for Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry. As with the earlier Laser Induced Decomposition Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology being used on rover Curiosity, the root premise is to use the energy of a high-powered laser beam focused to a pint-sized spot on the surface of a sample to create a plasma plume for interpretation. Each species of atoms or ions within the plasma will emit light with signature ghostlike emission peaks. However, whereas LIBS only measures the optical emission spectra of atoms and ions, LAMIS measures the emission spectra of molecules and molecular ions. This enables LAMIS to catalogue the specific isotopes of a chemical element within the plasma plume.

Source: Science Codex

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